OS：Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
在PC上编译ELL的时候，尽管你可能已经安装了所有ELL文档中要求的软件依赖，可能还是会遇到 undefined reference to `cblas_xxx' 的错误，如下：
[ 0%] Built target documentation
[ 10%] Built target utilities
[ 11%] Built target math
[ 14%] Built target data
[ 23%] Built target emitters
[ 24%] Built target evaluators
[ 28%] Built target functions
[ 37%] Built target model
[ 39%] Built target predictors
[ 48%] Built target nodes
[ 52%] Built target trainers
[ 59%] Built target common
[ 60%] Built target testing
[ 61%] Linking CXX executable common_test
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Copy(int, float const*, int, float*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x31): undefined reference tocblas_scopy'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Copy(int, double const*, int, double*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x69): undefined reference tocblas_dcopy'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Asum(int, float const*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x92): undefined reference tocblas_sasum'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Asum(int, double const*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0xba): undefined reference tocblas_dasum'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Nrm2(int, float const*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0xf0): undefined reference tocblas_snrm2'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Nrm2(int, double const*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x118): undefined reference tocblas_dnrm2'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Scal(int, float, float*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x15b): undefined reference tocblas_sscal'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Scal(int, double, double*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x193): undefined reference tocblas_dscal'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Axpy(int, float, float const*, int, float*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x1d9): undefined reference tocblas_saxpy'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Axpy(int, double, double const*, int, double*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x221): undefined reference tocblas_daxpy'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Dot(int, float const*, int, float const*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x259): undefined reference tocblas_sdot'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Dot(int, double const*, int, double const*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x290): undefined reference tocblas_ddot'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Gemv(CBLAS_ORDER, CBLAS_TRANSPOSE, int, int, float, float const*, int, float const*, int, float, float*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x309): undefined reference tocblas_sgemv'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Gemv(CBLAS_ORDER, CBLAS_TRANSPOSE, int, int, double, double const*, int, double const*, int, double, double*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x37c): undefined reference tocblas_dgemv'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Gemm(CBLAS_ORDER, CBLAS_TRANSPOSE, CBLAS_TRANSPOSE, int, int, int, float, float const*, int, float const*, int, float, float*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x3f5): undefined reference tocblas_sgemm'
../math/libmath.a(BlasWrapper.cpp.o): In function ell::math::Blas::Gemm(CBLAS_ORDER, CBLAS_TRANSPOSE, CBLAS_TRANSPOSE, int, int, int, double, double const*, int, double const*, int, double, double*, int)': BlasWrapper.cpp:(.text+0x471): undefined reference tocblas_dgemm'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [libraries/common/common_test] Error 1
make[1]: *** [libraries/common/CMakeFiles/common_test.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
这个问题是由于我的Ubuntu 14.04同时安装了blas和atlas导致的——我真的不记得我是什么时候安装的atlas了。在这种情况下，从make的前一步，也就是cmake的输出信息中，可以看出一些端倪（所以说在cmake的时候一定要仔细检查）：
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 6.3.0-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 6.3.0-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works-- Detecting C compiler ABI info-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting C compile features-- Detecting C compile features - done-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting CXX compile features-- Detecting CXX compile features - done-- Looking for pthread.h-- Looking for pthread.h - found-- Looking for pthread_create-- Looking for pthread_create - not found-- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads-- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads - not found-- Looking for pthread_create in pthread-- Looking for pthread_create in pthread - found-- Found Threads: TRUE-- Blas libraries: /usr/lib/libf77blas.so;/usr/lib/libatlas.so-- Blas linker flags:-- Blas include directories:-- Using BLAS include path: /usr/include-- Using BLAS library: /usr/lib/libf77blas.so;/usr/lib/libatlas.so-- Using BLAS DLLs:-- Found PythonInterp: /home/codelast/.miniconda3/bin/python (found version "3.6.1")-- Found PythonLibs: /home/codelast/.miniconda3/lib/libpython3.6m.so (found version "3.6.1")-- Found SWIG: /usr/local/bin/swig (found suitable version "3.0.12", minimum required is "3.0.12")-- Creating wrappers for python-- Creating wrappers for javascript-- Creating wrappers for xml-- Using python found at: /home/codelast/.miniconda3/bin/python-- Using python libraries found at: /home/codelast/.miniconda3/lib/libpython3.6m.so-- Creating wrappers for python-- Generated target compiled_vgg16ImageNet_host-- Generated target compiled_vgg16ImageNet_pi3-- Generated target compiled_vgg16ImageNet_pi0-- Generated target compiled_darknetReference_host-- Generated target compiled_darknetReference_pi3-- Generated target compiled_darknetReference_pi0-- Configuring done-- Generating done-- Build files have been written to: /home/codelast/programme/pi/ELL/build
上面标红的那两句，表明atlas library会被当作blas library来用，这就会导致后面的编译错误。
所以，我查找了一下Ubuntu系统中已经安装的atlas package：
所以，我查找了一下Ubuntu系统中已经安装的atlas package：
sudo dpkg -l | grep atlas
输出如下：
ii libatlas-base-dev 3.10.1-4 amd64 Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software, generic staticii libatlas-dev 3.10.1-4 all Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software, C header filesii libatlas3-base 3.10.1-4 amd64 Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software, generic shared
然后把这3个package都卸载掉：
sudo apt-get remove libatlas-base-dev libatlas-dev ibatlas3-base
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然后再重新cmake，输出信息如下：
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 6.3.0-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 6.3.0-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works-- Detecting C compiler ABI info-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting C compile features-- Detecting C compile features - done-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting CXX compile features-- Detecting CXX compile features - done-- Looking for pthread.h-- Looking for pthread.h - found-- Looking for pthread_create-- Looking for pthread_create - not found-- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads-- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads - not found-- Looking for pthread_create in pthread-- Looking for pthread_create in pthread - found-- Found Threads: TRUE-- Blas libraries: /usr/lib/libblas.so-- Blas linker flags:-- Blas include directories:-- Using BLAS include path: /usr/include-- Using BLAS library: /usr/lib/libblas.so-- Using BLAS DLLs:-- Found PythonInterp: /home/codelast/.miniconda3/bin/python (found version "3.6.1")-- Found PythonLibs: /home/codelast/.miniconda3/lib/libpython3.6m.so (found version "3.6.1")-- Found SWIG: /usr/local/bin/swig (found suitable version "3.0.12", minimum required is "3.0.12")-- Creating wrappers for python-- Creating wrappers for javascript-- Creating wrappers for xml-- Using python found at: /home/codelast/.miniconda3/bin/python-- Using python libraries found at: /home/codelast/.miniconda3/lib/libpython3.6m.so-- Creating wrappers for python-- Generated target compiled_vgg16ImageNet_host-- Generated target compiled_vgg16ImageNet_pi3-- Generated target compiled_vgg16ImageNet_pi0-- Generated target compiled_darknetReference_host-- Generated target compiled_darknetReference_pi3-- Generated target compiled_darknetReference_pi0-- Configuring done-- Generating done-- Build files have been written to: /home/codelast/programme/pi/ELL/build
从标蓝的那两句，可见我已经成功地把atlas给除掉了。
此时，再重新make，就能成功编译ELL了！
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此时，再重新make，就能成功编译ELL了！
文章来源：https://www.codelast.com/
➤➤ 版权声明 ➤➤
转载需注明出处：codelast.com
感谢关注我的微信公众号（微信扫一扫）：
